Effects of Acute Ethanolic Extract of Cannabis sativa on Learning and Memory in Albino Mice: A Comparative Study Using Novel Object Recognition and T-Maze Models
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Niger delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
Research Article
World Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, 2026, 10(02), 011-020.
Article DOI: 10.53346/wjapls.2026.10.2.0013
Publication history:
Received on 08 March 2026; revised on 17 April 2026; accepted on 20 April 2026
Abstract:
The effects of marijuana on cognitive function remain controversial, particularly regarding its impact on different memory systems. This study aimed to evaluate learning and memory in albino mice following acute exposure to ethanolic extract of Cannabis sativa using the NORT and T-maze paradigms. Adult albino mice were administered 2 mg/kg of ethanolic extract of Cannabis sativa and cognitive performance was assessed at different time points following administration. Recognition memory was assessed using NORT by assessing exploration time, discrimination index and recognition index, while spatial working memory was evaluated using the T-maze through latency and correct arm choice performance. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM and analyzed using one-way ANOVA, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results showed a time-dependent effect on recognition memory. At 1-hour after treatment, recognition memory was impaired (novel object exploration and discrimination index). However, at 2 hours, a significant enhancement was seen with maximum values reached for all NORT measures. A return to normal was observed at 3 and 4 hours. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the T-maze task for any treatment (p > 0.05), suggesting that spatial working memory is not impaired. In conclusion, acute exposure to ethanolic extract of marijuana has selective, reversible effects on memory. Recognition memory is particularly vulnerable to cannabinoid effects, while spatial working memory is preserved at low doses of cannabinoids.
Keywords:
Cannabis Sativa; Learning and Memory; Novel Object Recognition; T-Maze; Albino Mice; Cannabinoids; Cognitive Function
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