Ionic Liquid Microextraction-Assisted UV spectrophotometric determination of dapagliflozin in pharmaceutical and biological samples
1 Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Kirkuk, Iraq.
2 Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq.
Research Article
World Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2026, 09(01), 001–012.
Article DOI: 10.53346/wjcps.2026.9.1.0021
Publication history:
Received on 27 May 2026; revised on 04 July 2026; accepted on 06 July 2026
Abstract:
A simple and sensitive UV-visible spectrophotometric method assisted by ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (IL-DLLME) was developed for the determination of dapagliflozin (DAPA) in pharmaceutical formulations and spiked biological samples. The method was based on extraction of DAPA into [C6MIM][PF6] using acetonitrile as disperser solvent, followed by dilution of the enriched phase with ethanol and measurement at 225 nm. The optimum conditions were pH 7.0, 80 µL of [C6MIM][PF6], 600 µL acetonitrile, 4% NaCl, 3 min extraction time, and centrifugation at 4000 rpm for 5 min. Beer’s law was obeyed over the concentration range of 0.20–5.00 µg mL⁻¹ with regression equation A = 0.1882C + 0.0072 and R² = 0.9992. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.071 and 0.214 µg mL⁻¹, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precision values were below 1.32% and 1.74%, respectively. Mean recoveries ranged from 99.2 to 101.4% for tablet formulations, 97.6 to 101.3% for plasma, and 98.4 to 102.1% for urine. The proposed method is accurate, precise, low-solvent, and suitable for routine determination of dapagliflozin in pharmaceutical and biological matrices.
Keywords:
Dapagliflozin; Ionic liquid; Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction; UV-visible spectrophotometry; Pharmaceutical formulations; Plasma; Urine; Validation.
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